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New Biological Nomenclature (N.B.N.) is a system for naming the species and other taxa of animals, plants etc. in a way that differs from the traditional nomenclatures of the past,〔De Smet 2005, p. 8〕 as defined by its founder Wim De Smet, a Flemish zoologist. This project arose and developed between 1970 and 2005 (approximately), which coincided with the existence of a supporting organization, the Association for the Introduction of New Biological Nomenclature (AINBN).〔 (Newspaper-article from 1999, translated in Esperanto. )〕 The system rests on 57〔De Smet 2005 p. 247-250〕 plainly formulated rules and uses terms from the language Esperanto, sometimes with the addition of neologisms with an Esperanto structure. However, N.B.N. does not simply involve translation into Esperanto of names of animals and plants. It is an entirely new〔 Greuter, W. 2004 : (Recent Developments in International Biological Nomenclature, ''Turk.J.Bot.'', 28, 17–26, p. 23 )〕 scientific system, intended to give rational names to all taxa of the biota. After 1994 a formula consisting of letters and numerals was added to each N.B.N. name. This improves the possibilities for efficient (computer) use of the system. Even though the project has stalled for several years, 3000 N.B.N. names, which are approved by the AINBN, are available and it would be possible to continue the project. The sample contains many of the higher taxa of zoology. So far, only a small effort has been made for botany. This is due to the fact that most of the participants were zoologists. For comparison, in the famous ''Systema naturae'' of 1758, only 4238 species of animals were described. ==Advantages== According to the initiator, the following advantages are linked to N.B.N.:〔De Smet 1991b, p. 18-19〕 #A posteriori system: N.B.N. draws from the experiences of more than 200 years of scientific nomenclature, conserves from it the good sides and avoids the bad ones; N.B.N. makes use of modern views in biology and of the large knowledge of species and taxonomy. #Well defined system: the rules of the game were firm before any names were given. #Reliable system: the names do not originate only from one person; they are systematically criticized and (dis)approved by three other biologists. #Memorizable system: the names consist of understandable common words (in accordance with the case, one, two or three words). #Regular system: fixed endings for taxa of the same level. #Orienting system: each N.B.N. name has a link (by way of a key word) with the name of the corresponding order to which it belongs. (In the Kingdom of Animalia there are roughly 375 orders, of which about 200 may be known to a specialized biologist, but only about 100 by an average biologist or interested nature hobbyist; thus, a number of terms that is under control of memory). #Unifying system: the same rules apply for taxa of animals, plants, bacteria, among others. #Simple pronunciation, as in Esperanto. #Limitation of the number of words used by frequent reuse (for example, familitipa, ordotipa...) #New and rational selection of the type for taxa, where the best known species are chosen again and again. #New perspectives for musea, if they wish to conserve N.B.N. specimens for all species of definite families or higher taxa. #A N.B.N. name is easily recognizable in a text: for that purpose asterisks are used, or other means as necessary. #Handy for computer applications, among others, because of the limited vocabulary used. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「New Biological Nomenclature」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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